Safety Warning
DIY auto repair can cause serious injury, fire, or vehicle damage. These guides are for informational purposes only. Always follow OEM torque specs, wear PPE, and consult a certified mechanic if you are unsure. You are solely responsible for your safety.
Vehicle Speed Sensor
The Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) is a magnetic inductive pickup that relays vehicle speed information to the PCM. The PCM uses this information to control shift timing, line pressure, and TCC apply and release.
The VSS mounts in the case extension at the vehicle speed sensor reluctor wheel, which is pressed onto the final drive carrier assembly. An air gap of 0.011-0.062" (0.27-1.57 mm) occurs between the sensor and the teeth on the vehicle speed sensor reluctor wheel as the final drive carrier assembly rotates.
The sensor consists of a permanent magnet surrounded by a coil of wire. As the VSS reluctor wheel on the final drive carrier assembly rotates, an AC signal is produced by the VSS. This AC signal consists of a voltage and frequency that changes based on vehicle speed. The PCM uses the frequency portion of this signal to determine vehicle speed. Higher vehicle speeds induce a higher frequency and a higher voltage measurement at the sensor. The voltage portion of the signal is used in diagnostic procedures.
Sensor resistance should measure between 1650-2200 ohms at 68°F (20°C). Output voltage will vary with vehicle speed from a minimum of 0.5 volts AC at 100 RPM to 200 volts at 6000 RPM.
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When to See a Mechanic
Stop DIY work and contact a certified mechanic immediately if any of the following apply:
- • You smell fuel, burning insulation, or see smoke.
- • Brakes feel soft, pull hard to one side, or make grinding noises.
- • The engine overheats, stalls repeatedly, or misfires under load.
- • You are missing required tools, torque specs, or safe lifting equipment.
- • You are not confident in the next step or safety outcome.